Which type of aquatic plant grows primarily under the water?

Submersed plants are those that grow primarily beneath the water's surface, making them essential components of aquatic ecosystems. These plants are fully immersed in water and can thrive at various depths depending on light availability. They provide critical habitats for aquatic organisms, contribute to oxygen production through photosynthesis, and help stabilize sediment, which is vital for maintaining water quality and clarity.

In contrast, emersed plants grow partly above the water surface, with roots often submerged but leaves and stems extending into the air. Floating plants, as the name suggests, grow on the water's surface and have parts both submerged and above water, allowing them to capture sunlight effectively. Algae, while commonly found in aquatic environments, are not classified as true plants; they can grow in both submerged and floating forms but lack the structured systems and features of vascular plants. Understanding these distinctions helps in the management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems.